Vocab

Genetics

The field of science that looks at how traits are passed down from one generation to another, through the genes

True-breeding

• Occurs when self-fertilization gives rise to the same traits in all offspring, generation after generation

Trait

• In biology, a trait or character is a feature of an organism. The term phenotype is sometimes used as a synonym for trait in common use, but strictly speaking, does not indicate the trait, but the state of that trait

Hybrid

• an organism that is the offspring of genetically dissimilar parents or stock; especially offspring produced by breeding plants or animals of different varieties or breeds or species; "a mule is a cross between a horse and a donkey"

Gene

• The basic biological unit of heredity; a segment of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) needed to contribute to a fun

Allele

• One version of a gene at a given location (locus) along a chromosome

Segregation

• The separation of the two members of a chromosome pair from each other at meiosis; the result is seen as the separation of alleles from each other in the gametes of heterozygotes; the occurrence of different phenotypes among offspring, resulting from chromosome

Gamete

• Mature male or female reproductive cell (sperm or ovum) with a haploid set of chromosomes (23 for humans).

Probability

• The ratio of the number of outcomes favoring an event to the total number of possible outcomes.

Punnett Square

• A diagrammatic representation of a particular cross used to predict the progeny of the cross.
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Homozygous

• Having two identical alleles of a particular gene

Heterozygous

• having two different alleles at the same locus on homologous chromosomes

Phenotype

• The observable traits or characteristics of an organism, for example hair color, weight, or the presence or absence of a disease.

Genotype

• The entire genetic identity of an individual, including alleles, or gene forms, that do not show as outward characteristics.

Homologous

• Similar in position, structure, function, or characteristics.

Diploid

• Number of chromosomes in most cells except the gametes. In humans, the diploid number is 46.

Haploid

• A single set of chromosomes (half the full set of genetic material), present in the egg and sperm cells of animals and in the egg and pollen cells
  

Meiosis

• cell division by which eggs and sperm are produced.

Tetrad

• two pains of complements joined by a square or rectangle.

Crossing-Over

• Where a section of one chromosome switches places with the same section from the other chromosome of the pair.
  

Gene Map

• Map showing the positions in the genome of genes or other genetic markers, either relative to each other or as a physical map of absolute distances.

VOCAP LIST.

Vocabulary for the week of the 7th. word and picture match up by the numbers next to the word.

cell division(1)-The process by which a cell divides to form two daughter cells. Upon completion of the process, each daughter cell contains the same genetic material as the original cell and roughly half of its cytoplasm.

chromatid-(2)Either of the two daughter strands of a replicated chromosome that are joined by a single centromere and separate during cell division to become individual chromosomes.

centromere-(3)Either of the two daughter strands of a replicated chromosome that are joined by a single 

centromere and separate during cell division to become individual chromosomes.

interphase-(4)The stage of a cell between two successive mitotic or meiotic divisions.

cell cycle-(5)The series of events involving the growth, replication, and division of a eukaryotic cell.

mitosis-(6)The process in cell division by which the nucleus divides, typically consisting of four stages, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase, and normally resulting in two new nuclei, each of which contains a complete copy of the parental chromosomes. It's also called karyokinesis. The entire process of cell division including division of the nucleus and the cytoplasm

prophase-(7)The first stage of mitosis, during which the chromosomes condense and become visible, the nuclear membrane breaks down, and the spindle apparatus forms at opposite poles of the cell.

centriole-(8)One of two cylindrical cellular structures that are composed of nine triplet microtubules and form the asters during mitosis.

spindle-(9)A rod or pin, tapered at one end and usually weighted at the other, on which fibers are spun by hand into thread and then wound.

metaphase- (10)is a stage of mitosis in the eukaryotic cell in which condensed chromosomes, carrying genetic information, align in the middle of the cell before being separated into each of the two daughter cells.

anaphaset-(11) to be disjoined 

lophase-(12) any of a group of enzymes tat catalyze the hydrolysis of fats into glycerol and fatty acids.

cytokinesis-(13) The division of the cytoplasm of a cell following the division of the nucleus.

cyclin- (14)a class of proteins that fluctuate in concentration at a specific points during the cell cycle and that regulate the cycle by binding to a kinase.

cancer-(15)is but a large group of almost one hundred diseases. It's two main characteristics are uncontrolled growth of the cells in the human body and the ability of these cells to migrate from the original site and spread to distant sites. Cancer can lead to death.

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Number One

Hello, my name is Jane Goodall. 

I was born and raised in Parker, Colorado. I love sports, I dance in a company in Englewood. I also teach a dance class for 6-8 year old girls. I want to one day travel the world and see all the many beautiful places the world holds. My Best friend is John Ray. Hopefully my teacher (who is pretty fresh) will let me manage the varsity lacrosse team at school because I am the best manage you could find. I am in this class that is pretty bomb at school called biology. It's one of my favorite classes because of the movies PLANT EARTH. They are so cool!  

I'll be writing in this blog as a undelete-able note storage. 

I think this whole blog is really sweet. So I will be writing in here often.

peace.